Posts
'via Blog this'
I was hiding in the bush with my parents and two older women when the RUF [rebels] found our hiding place...and the RUF accused me of having an army husband. I was still a virgin. There were ten rebels,
http://citation.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/8/3/0/9/pages183097/p183097-2.php
...demobilization program in Liberia in 2004 reported having been victims of sexual violence during that war. (7) In Sierra Leone, 94% of respondents in a household survey reported that during the war there, at least one woman in their household had been raped, tortured, and/or forced into sexual slavery. (8) According to Algerian women’s rights activists, at least 5,000 Algerian women were raped by armed combatant groups between 1995 and 1998. (9) In Afghanistan, Amnesty International reports, “thousands” of women have been kidnapped and raped, and then kept as “wives” by commanders or sold into prostitution. (10) Recognizing not only the vast numbers but also the brutality of the violence, Jefferson asks, “At the start of the 21 st century, with some of the most horrific examples of sexual violence during armed conflict taking place before our very eyes, we have to ask why war-time rape recurs with such alarming predictability. Why are women so consistently targeted...?” (11) There is, of course, no simple answer to this question. My research project examines this “horrific” sexual violence and its pervasiveness in 30 civil-war-torn countries with ongoing or recently-ended armed conflicts. (12) The project relies on secondary data – an extensive body of research and reports produced by governmental agencies, NGOs, and academic researchers – on civil-war-torn countries, their armed civil conflicts and conflict-related sexual violence. In my necessarily-limited presentation today, I describe and provide examples of extreme war rape in today’s civil wars, along with a data-derived analytical model for understanding today’s war-related sexual violence against women. Extreme War Rape Although rape has systematically occurred in virtually all wars, and although all rapes are violent assaults, sexual violence against women and girls in today’s civil wars has become severe enough to warrant a separate naming. In the late 1980s, during the Bosnia civil war, the term “genocidal rape” was introduced to describe the “new extreme of men’s inhumanity to women in war” as Serbian men raped Muslim women to “destroy” their ethno-religious enemy by purposefully “contaminating” their women. (13) In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, war “atrocities against women have been so horrific and extensive” that this violence is variously referred to as “a war within a war,” “murderous madness,” or the “war against women.” (14) Much war rape today probably does contain a genocidal element, and “murderous madness” is an appropriate descriptor, but for my research, I have chosen the term “extreme war rape” to specify the kind of “madness,” i.e., the conflict-related raping of...
In one 2001 case, for example, rebel soldiers forcefully entered the home of Maria Birange and her family. Maria’s husband fled through a back door, but her sons were not so lucky. The soldiers ordered the two boys to open their mother’s legs for them, and when they refused, the soldiers killed them. After gang-raping her, the several soldiers took Maria’s mother outside and burned her alive. Although her husband eventually came back, he avoids looking at her and, says Maria, has not touched her since his return. Husband and wife are now migratory, sharing a dwelling, but nothing more. (16) Says Judithe Registre, the county director for the new WWI branch in the Congo, “Since 1996 these women – teachers, merchants, farmers, directors of institutes – have been serially gang-raped by armed militias who...[then] leave them homeless, destitute, sometimes pregnant or infected with HIV, and always mourning their dignity.” (17) Honarata Z. Kizende, former director of a technical institute for girls in the Congo, reported that about 90% of the women in her community had been raped by soldiers. She herself had been on her way to the market when she was gang-raped by soldiers and forced into sexual slavery. After more than a year in captivity, she escaped and returned to live with her five children. Her husband, however, had left, and she has since heard that he has a new wife. Only a year after her escape, rebel soldiers broke into her house, where they raped her, her pregnant daughter, and another woman in front of the other children in the house. (18)
...the six men raped my daughter, who is 25 years old, in frontof me, my wife and young children. (20) During the 10-year civil war in Sierra Leone, women were raped by all parties, but in particularly large numbers by rebels from the main insurgent group, the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), known to rape “as a matter of course, often in gangs, often in front of family members. They forced boys and men to rape their mothers and wives. They sexually assaulted and then disembowelled pregnant women. They mutilated women’s genitals with knives, burning wood and gun barrels.” (21) Moving from one continent to another, the findings are similar. A 2001 U.N. investigation of conflict- related violence in Colombia, for example, yielded evidence of “widespread and systematic” gender-based violence there.
in Colombia “sexual violence by armed groups has become a common practice within the context of a slowly degrading conflict and a lack of respect for international humanitarian law....” (22) During the long civil war in Colombia, Amnesty International found that both combatant and civilian women and girls have been systematically raped by all the armed groups – the rebels/guerrillas, government army and security forces, and government-backed militias. (23) War rapes in Colombia are also brutal and intentionally humiliating. One witness, describing the terror experienced by a group of women being held hostage by soldiers, testified that a “stick was pushed into the private parts of an 18-year-old pregnant girl and it appeared through [the abdomen].... They [army-backed] paramilitaries stripped the women and made them dance in front of their husbands. Several were raped.” (24) Signs of brutality may also be left for those who come along behind to see, as in the case of one Colombian girl, who in 2001 was raped and killed and had had “her eyes and nails then removed, and her breasts cut off.” (25) As elsewhere, victims in civil-war-torn countries in Asia say that perpetrators have intentionally humiliated and terrorized them and others. One witness in East Timor described how, during the civil war there, Indonesian soldiers “raped women in front of their families and forced Timorese men to rape Timorese women.” (26) And,
(And this is why when people say the world is gonna end, I say "whatever." Who is birthing these children that grow up to commit such violence on women? And when men disrespect women, Who is allowing that to happen? Men might be stronger physically than women, but they sure as shit are not faster or smarter, and they are teachable if you start early.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_statistics
A United Nations statistical report compiled from government sources showed that more than 250,000 cases of male-female rape or attempted rape were recorded by police annually. The reported data covered 65 countries.[2]
According to United States Department of Justice document Criminal Victimization in the United States, there were overall 191,670 victims of rape or sexual assault reported in 2005.[24] 1 of 6 U.S. women and 1 of 33 U.S. men have experienced an attempted or completed rape. (according to Colorado Coalition Against Sexual Assault)[25] The U.S. Department of Justice compiles statistics on crime by race, but only between and among people categorized as black or white. The statistics for whites include hispanic and non hispanic whites combined. There were 194,270 white and 17,920 black victims of rape or sexual assault reported in 2006.[26]
(I think it's more like five of six women. Ask any girl you know.)
Sweden has the highest incidence of reported rapes in Europe and one of the highest in the world. According to a 2009 study, there were 46 incidents of rape per 100,000 residents. This figure is twice that of the UK which reports 23 cases, and four times that of the other Nordic countries, Germany and France. The figure is up to 20 times the figure for certain countries in southern and eastern Europe.[40]
The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention claims that it is not "possible to evaluate and compare the actual levels of violent crimes... between countries", but that in any case the high numbers are explained by a broader legal definition of rape than in other countries, and an effort to register all suspected and repeated rapes. It asserts that comparisons based on victim surveys place Sweden at an average level among European nations.[41]
From 2000–2005, 59% of rapes were not reported to law enforcement.[33][34] One factor relating to this is the misconception that most rapes are committed by strangers.[35] In reality, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 38% of victims were raped by a friend or acquaintance, 28% by "an intimate" and 7% by another relative, and 26% were committed by a stranger to the victim. About four out of ten sexual assaults take place at the victim's own home.[36]
According to the American Medical Association (1995), sexual violence, and rape in particular, is considered the most under-reported violent crime.[4][5]
Other studies of the annual incidence of rape find it to be closer to 5% (compared to the 3% in the DOJ study). For example, Mohler-Kuo, Dowdall, Koss & Weschler (2004)[22] found in a study of approximately 25,000 college women nationwide that 4.7% experienced rape or attempted rape during a single academic year. This study did not measure lifetime incidence of rape or attempted rape. Similarly, Kilpatrick, Resnick, Ruggiero, Conoscenti, & McCauley (2007) found in a study of 2,000 college women nationwide that 5.2% experienced rape every year. [23]
Despite a decline of 60% since 1993, the US still has a relatively high rate of rape when compared to other developed countries.[38]
(Is that when hookers became advertised in even local papers rather than just in Vegas? If a girl is tricked into coming here and sold for sex, it's still rape.)
According to a statistical average over the past 5 years, about 60% of all rapes or sexual assaults in the United States are never reported to the authorities. For college students, the figure is 95%, noted in the Fisher, Cullen and Turner study cited above.
Contrary to widespread belief, rape outdoors is rare. Over two thirds of all rapes occur in someone's home. 30.9% occur in the perpetrators' homes, 26.6% in the victims' homes and 10.1% in homes shared by the victim and perpetrator. 7.2% occur at parties, 7.2% in vehicles, 3.6% outdoors and 2.2% in bars.[37]
pleaded with them.... Then they told me to undress. I was raped by ten rebels, one after the other. They
lined up, waiting for their turn and watched while I was being raped vaginally and in my anus.... The rebels
threatened to kill me if I cried. (R.T.) (1)
No comments:
Post a Comment