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In 1901, thirteen St. Louis children died from contaminated diphtheria antitoxin. The horse from which the antitoxin was derived died of tetanus. This incident coupled with tetanus outbreak in Camden, New Jersey[23] played an important part in initiating federal regulation of biologic products.[24]
In 1919, at Dallas, Texas, U.S.A., 10 children were killed and 60 others made seriously ill by toxin-antitoxin which had passed the tests of the New York State Health Department. Mulford Company of Philadelphia (manufacturers) paid damages in every case.[27]
The Schick test, invented between 1910 and 1911, is a test used to determine whether or not a person is susceptible to diphtheria. It was named after its inventor, Béla Schick (1877–1967), a Hungarian-born American pediatrician. Alexander Thomas Glenny increased the effectiveness of diphtheria toxoid by treating it with aluminum salts.
(Okay to shoot aluminum into your blood, but not to cook on aluminum cookware?)
In 1943, diphtheria outbreaks accompanied war and disruption in Europe. There were 1 million cases in Europe, with 50,000 deaths.
(Smallpox. Indians. Just sayin'.)
In 1948, 68 of 606 children died after diphtheria immunization due to improper manufacture of aluminum phosphate toxoid.
The symptoms of diphtheria usually begin two to seven days after infection.
Diphtheria is a contagious disease spread by direct physical contact or breathing the aerosolizedsecretions of infected individuals. Historically quite common, diphtheria has largely been eradicated in industrialized nations through widespreadvaccination. In the United States, for example, there were 53 reported cases of diphtheria between 1980 and 2000,[6] but only a total of 2 cases of diphtheria have been reported in the 21st century, the last of which was in 2003
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