Risk of death during abortion is one tenth that of pregnancy

The very small group of American women who are at risk of experiencing an unintended pregnancy but are not using contraceptives account for almost half of all abortions. Many of these women did not think they would get pregnant or had concerns about contraceptive methods. The remainder of abortions occur among the much larger group of women who were using contraceptives in the month they became pregnant. Many of these women report difficulty using contraceptives consistently.

Abortion is one of the safest surgical procedures for women in the United States. Fewer than 0.5% of women obtaining abortions experience a complication, and the risk of death associated with abortion is about one-tenth that associated with childbirth.

In the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a woman, in consultation with her physician, has a constitutionally protected right to choose abortion in the early stages of pregnancy-that is, before viability. In 1992, the Court upheld the basic right to abortion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey. However, it also expanded the ability of the states to enact all but the most extreme restrictions on women's access to abortion. The most common restrictions in effect are parental notification or consent requirements for minors, state-sponsored counseling and waiting periods, and limitations on public funding.

Pregnancies and Their Outcomes

• In 2008, there were 6.4 million pregnancies to the 62 million women of reproductive age (15-44) in the United States. Sixty-six percent of these pregnancies resulted in live births and 19% in abortions; the remaining 15% ended in miscarriage.

• In New Jersey, 194,800 of the 1,722,494 women of reproductive age became pregnant in 2008. 58% of these pregnancies resulted in live births and 28% in induced abortions.

• In 2008, 1.2 million American women obtained abortions, producing a rate of 19.6 abortions per 1,000 women of reproductive age. The rate is virtually unchanged from 2005, when the abortion rate was 19.4 abortions per 1,000 women 15-44.

• In 2008, 54,160 women obtained abortions in New Jersey, producing a rate of 31.3 abortions per 1,000 women of reproductive age. Some of these women were from other states, and some New Jersey residents had abortions in other states, so this rate may not reflect the abortion rate of state residents. The rate decreased 9% since 2005, when it was 34.3 abortions per 1,000 women 15-44. Abortions in New Jersey represent 4.5% of all abortions in the United States.

Where Do Women Obtain Abortions?

• In 2008, there were 1,793 abortion providers in the United States. This is virtually unchanged from 2005, when there were 1,787 abortion providers. Thirty-four percent of these providers were hospitals, 21% were abortion clinics (clinics where more than half of all patient visits were for abortion), 26% were clinics where fewer than half of all visits were for abortion, and 19% were private physicians' offices. Seventy percent of all abortions were provided at abortion clinics, 24% at other clinics, 4% at hospitals and 1% at private physicians' offices.

• In 2008, there were 75 abortion providers in New Jersey. This represents a 12% decline from 2005, when there were 85 abortion providers.

• In 2008, 87% of U.S. counties had no abortion provider. 1/3 of American women lived in these counties, which meant they would have to travel outside their county to obtain an abortion. Of women obtaining abortions in 2006, nonhospital providers estimate that 27% traveled at least 50 miles.

• In 2008, 24% of New Jersey counties had no abortion provider. 9% of New Jersey women lived in these counties.

Restrictions on Abortion

In New Jersey, the following restrictions on abortion were in effect as of January 2011:

• New Jersey does not have any of the major types of abortion restrictions—such as waiting periods, mandated parental involvement or limitations on publicly funded abortions—often found in other states